Evidence of intervention effectiveness with engaging leaders in hospital physiotherapy / Evidências de efetividade de intervenção com lideranças engajadoras na fisioterapia hospitalar / Evidencia de la eficacia de la intervención con líderes de compromiso en fisioterapia hospitalaria

Evidence-based positive interventions contribute to the promotion of workers' well-being. Accordingly, an intervention was carried out with 11 physiotherapist engaging leaders from a hospital in Porto Alegre to promote their engagement at work as a protection factor. A mixed transformative-sequential study was carried out, consisting of four phases with three stages of assessment. The effectiveness of the intervention was investigated using the Jacobson-Truax Method, evaluating the effects of the intervention on Engagement at Work, Perceived Social Support, Dispositional Hope, Gratitude, and Anxiety. The intervention integrated epistemological assumptions from the Job Demand-Resources Model and the Basic Psychological Needs Theory. The main result was the increased levels of work engagement, which strengthened positive psychological states, and had an anxiety-reducing effect during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study provides relevant contributions to positive development in mental health protection at work. (AU)

Intervenções positivas baseadas em evidências contribuem para promoção do bem-estar dos trabalhadores. Nesse sentido, foi realizada uma intervenção com 11 lideranças engajadoras de fisioterapeutas de um hospital de Porto Alegre para promover seu engajamento no trabalho como fator de proteção. Realizou-se estudo misto transformativo-sequencial, composto por quatro fases em três tempos de avaliação. A efetividade da intervenção foi investigada por meio do Método Jacobson-Truax, avaliando os efeitos da intervenção sobre os níveis de Engajamento no Trabalho, Suporte Social Percebido, Esperança Disposicional, Gratidão e Ansiedade. A intervenção integrou pressupostos epistemológicos do Modelo Recursos e Demandas no Trabalho e da Teoria das Necessidades Psicológicas Básicas. O principal resultado foi o aumento dos níveis de engajamento no trabalho, que fortaleceu estados psicológicos positivos, e teve efeito na redução dos níveis de ansiedade na pandemia de COVID-19. A pesquisa traz contribuições relevantes para o desenvolvimento positivo na proteção da saúde mental no trabalho. (AU)

Intervenciones positivas basadas en evidencia contribuyen a promoción del bienestar de los trabajadores. En ese sentido, se realizó una intervención con 11 fisioterapeutas líderes de compromiso de un hospital de Porto Alegre para promover su Engagement en el Trabajo como factor de protección. Se llevó a cabo un estudio mixto transformativo-secuencial, con cuatro fases y tres etapas de evaluación. Se investigó la efectividad de la intervención mediante el Método de Jacobson-Truax, evaluando los efectos de la intervención sobre los niveles del Engagement en el Trabajo, Apoyo Social Percibido, Esperanza Disposicional, Gratitud y Ansiedad. La intervención integró el Modelo teórico de Demandas y Recursos de Trabajo con la Teoría de Necesidades Psicológicas Básicas. Con un resultado de mayores niveles de Engagement en el Trabajo, lo que fortaleció los estados psicológicos positivos y tuvo un efecto reductor de la ansiedad durante la pandemia. Este estudio aporta contribuciones relevantes al desarrollo positivo en la protección de salud mental en trabajo. (AU)

Improving the quality of rehabilitation following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery, in an outpatient physiotherapy department.

Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is a type of orthopaedic knee surgery and physiotherapy rehabilitation is undertaken for several months postoperatively, often with the aim of returning the patient to sport. Variations in postoperative protocols to guide rehabilitation exist between National Health Service (NHS) Trusts. Although there is no single guideline to guide clinicians, strong evidence does support several clinical measures to be included post-ACLR, to improve outcomes and reduce the need for revision surgery. This project aimed to align our NHS Trust's ACLR physiotherapy care with best-evidence.A literature review was completed to establish key quality standards for ACLR rehabilitation. A retrospective notes audit was then undertaken to quantify the baseline quality of care, measured against these standards. Quality improvement methods were used to improve the quality of care and postoperative rehabilitation processes for ACLR patients. A new evidence-based, postoperative rehabilitation protocol was created, a core group of clinicians was formed to see ACLR patients and a rehabilitation class, solely for ACLR patients was also implemented.The key process measure for the project was patients engaging in 'criteria-driven progressions of rehabilitation'. This 'criteria-driven progressions' rate increased from 0% at baseline to 100% during the project period. Overall, non-attendance rates maintained at a similar level from 5.4% at baseline to a final rate of 4.8%. There was also an increase in mean 'return to sport' times, from 6 to 9.9 months, which is in line with best-evidence recommendations.The previous rehabilitation provided in our trust was not aligned with current evidence. This quality improvement project has led to improvements in patient care and lessons from the project will allow other trusts to learn from the changes made, to improve their own care pathways.

Rehabilitación domiciliara de pacientes con síndrome post UCI por COVID-19 / Home rehabilitation of patients with post ICU síndrome due to COVID-19

Objetivo: En marzo del año 2020, se declaró pandemia la enfermedad producida por el coro-navirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID 19). Se estimaba inicialmente que el 5% de la población afectada por COVID-19 requeriría ingreso a unidades de cuidados intensivos con soporte de ventilación mecánica invasiva, pudiendo desarrollar secue-las a partir de la hospitalización. El equipo de rehabilitación domiciliaria se propone el desafío de realizar una serie de evaluaciones con la fi-nalidad de poder valorar la rehabilitación en el ámbito domiciliario.Método: Ensayo clínico no controlado de pa-cientes de la unidad de hospitalización domici-liaria que hayan sufrido COVID-19 con uso de VMI, entre junio 2020 y junio 2021. Ingresaron 193 pacientes, a los cuales se le realizó eva-luaciones al inicio y al final del proceso de re-habilitación por un equipo multidisciplinar en el domicilio del paciente.Resultados: Prevalencia de comorbilidades de hipertensión arterial y obesidad. en la forma grave de dicha enfermedad. Diferencia significa en todas las evaluaciones P (Wilcoxon)<0,001 entre el estado inicial y posterior a la rehabilita-ción, presencia de mayor deterioro en extremi-dades superiores.Conclusión: Pacientes con múltiples secuelas que requieren de la evaluación e intervención precoz de un equipo multidisciplinario, siendo la hospitalización domiciliaria una alternativa segura, eficiente y eficaz. Se logró el restable-cimiento de la deambulación segura e indepen-diente, la prevención de caídas, alimentación segura, recuperación de las destrezas cogniti-vas-comunicativas, y el empoderamiento de la familia en un contexto domiciliario. (AU)

Objective: In March 2020, the disease caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) was declared a pandemic. It was initially esti-mated that 5% of the population affected by COVID-19 required admission to intensive care units with invasive mechanical ventilation sup-port, and may develop sequelae from hospitali-zation. The home rehabilitation team proposes the challenge of carrying out a series of evalua-tions in order to be able to assess rehabilitation in the home environment.Method: Uncontrolled clinical trial of patients from the home hospitalization unit who have suf-fered from COVID-19 with the use of IMV, be-tween June 2020 and June 2021. 193 patients were admitted, who underwent surgery at the beginning and at the end of the rehabilitation process for a multidisciplinary team at the pa-tient’s home.Results: Prevalence of comorbidities of arterial hypertension and obesity. in the severe form of this disease. Mean difference in all P (Wilcoxon) scores <0.001 between baseline and post-reha-bilitation status, presence of greater impairment in upper extremities.Conclusions: Patients with multiple sequelae that require early evaluation and intervention by a multidisciplinary team, home hospitalization being a safe, efficient and effective alternative. The restoration of safe and independent ambu-lation, the prevention of falls, safe eating, recov-ery of cognitive-communicative skills, and the empowerment of the family in a home context were achieved. (AU)

Efetividade de um plano de metas fisioterapêuticas em pacientes internados em uma unidade de terapia intensiva: uma análise retrospectiva vs. prospectiva / Effectiveness of a plan of physiotherapy goals in patients hospitalized in an intensive care unit: a retrospective analysis vs. prospective

Introdução: A fisioterapia na unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI) apresenta como objetivo utilizar estratégias de mobilização precoce a fim de reduzir o impacto da fraqueza muscular adquirida na UTI. Logo, este estudo apresenta como objetivo avaliar a efetividade de um plano de metas fisioterapêuticas para pacientes internados em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva.Métodos: Estudo de coorte retrospectivo e prospectivo comparativo realizado em uma UTI de um hospital público de Porto Alegre. Foram incluídos pacientes internados entre os meses de janeiro e junho de 2019, maiores de 18 anos e que tiveram alta da UTI. A coleta de dados foi realizada através de informações e relatório que constam no prontuário eletrônico utilizado na Instituição. Foi analisado o desfecho das metas estabelecidas na admissão para sentar fora do leito e deambular.Resultados: A maioria dos pacientes foi do sexo masculino (57,5%). A média de idade foi de 60,52 ± 17,64 anos. A maioria das metas estabelecidas, tanto para sentar fora do leito como para deambular, foram atingidas (89% e 86,9%, respectivamente). Houve correlação significativa entre o alcance de meta para deambulação e ganho de força muscular pelo escore MRC (p = 0,041) e ganho de força muscular quando comparada admissão e alta da UTI (p = 0,004).Conclusão: Este estudo observou que estabelecer metas para sentar fora do leito e deambular para pacientes internados em UTI é efetivo.

Introduction: Physiotherapy in the intensive care unit (ICU) aims to use early mobilization strategies in order to reduce the impact of muscle acquired weakness in the ICU. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a physiotherapeutic goal plan for patients admitted to an Intensive Care Unit. Methods: Retrospective and comparative prospective cohort study carried out in an ICU of a public hospital in Porto Alegre. Patients hospitalized between January and June 2019, over 18 years old and discharged from the ICU were included. Data collection was carried out through information and report contained in the electronic medical record used in the Institution. The outcome of goals established at admission for sitting out of bed and walking was analyzed. Results: Most patients were male (57.5%). The mean age was 63.2 ± 16.2 years. Most established goals, both for sitting out of bed and walking, were achieved (89% and 86.9%, respectively). There was a significant correlation between reaching the ambulation goal and muscle strength gain by the MRC score (p= 0.041) and muscle strength gain when comparing admission and discharge from the ICU (p = 0.004). Conclusion: This study observed that establishing goals for sitting out of bed and walking for ICU patients is effective.

Perfil de satisfação do utilizador de um serviço de fisioterapia em ambulatório / User satisfaction profile of an outpatient physical therapy service

A fisioterapia caracteriza-se por ser um processo de saúde com interações longas entre o profissional e o utilizador, envolvendo contato físico muito próximo, exigindo a participação ativa do utilizador e visitas frequentes ao serviço. A satisfação do utilizador é um objetivo e uma consequência da fisioterapia que afeta a adesão e resultado do tratamento como, também, condiciona uma posterior referenciação do serviço. A avaliação da satisfação do utilizador é uma prioridade para a gestão da qualidade dos serviços de saúde, sendo um bom índice de avaliação da eficácia clínica. Conseguir estabelecer o perfil do utilizador satisfeito com o serviço é extremamente importante para a gestão organizacional em unidades de saúde. O presente trabalho tem como objetivos: analisar o nível de satisfação atual dos utentes de um serviço de fisioterapia em ambulatório; traçar o perfil do utilizador satisfeito em função das suas características sociodemográficas e clínicas; identificar o conjunto de boas práticas e aspetos de melhoria; propor medidas de melhoria de satisfação. Conforma-se, assim, um estudo quantitativo, observacional, analítico correlacional e transversal. Em alinhamento com os objetivos utilizaram-se um questionário de caraterização sociodemográfica e um instrumento de avaliação da satisfação com a fisioterapia, o Questionário de Satisfação do Doente Ambulatório de Fisioterapia (PTOPS) (Cavalheiro et al., 2017). A aplicação do instrumento e questionário de caracterização da amostra permite a criação de uma base de dados microeconómica que possibilita a aplicação da metodologia econométrica de regressão linear. Através dos dados analisados conseguiu-se identificar variáveis que elevam a satisfação, tais como o local, a situação profissional, o tempo de deslocação, a patologia e o intervalo remuneratório e variáveis que diminuem a satisfação, como o local de residência, habilitações académicas, sistema de saúde, referenciação, situação profissional e idade. Com base na evidência produzida são propostas medidas de melhoria do serviço de fisioterapia.

Physiotherapy is characterized by being a health process with long interactions between the professional and the user, involving very close physical contact, requiring the active participation of the user and frequent visits to the service. User satisfaction is an objective and a consequence of physiotherapy that affects adherence and treatment outcome, as well as conditions a subsequent referral of the service. The evaluation of user satisfaction is a priority for the management of the quality of health services, being a good index of evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Being able to establish the profile of the user who is satisfied with the service is extremely important for organizational management in health units. The present work aims to: analyze the current level of satisfaction of users of an outpatient physiotherapy service; to trace the profile of the satisfied user according to their sociodemographic and clinical characteristics; identify the set of best practices and aspects for improvement and propose measures to improve satisfaction. Thus, a quantitative, observational, analyticalcorrelational and cross-sectional study was carried out. In line with the objectives, a sociodemographic questionnaire and a physical therapy satisfaction assessment instrument, the Physical Therapy Outpatient Satisfaction Survey (PTOPS) (Cavalheiro et al., 2017) were used. The application of the sample characterization instrument and questionnaire allows the creation of a microeconomic database that allows the application of the econometric methodology of linear regression. Through the analyzed data, it was possible to identify variables that increase satisfaction, such as location, professional situation, travel time, pathology and salary range and variables that decrease satisfaction such as place of residence, academic qualifications, system of health, referral, professional status and age. Based on the evidence produced, measures to improve the physiotherapy service are proposed.

Early mobilization in victims of traumatic brain injury / Mobilização precoce em vítimas de traumatismo cranioencefálico

INTRODUCTION: Several studies have shown that early mobilization is safe and beneficial for patients admitted to the intensive care units (ICUs), especially for those with mechanical ventilation (MV). OBJECTIVE: To investigate the benefits of early mobilization physiotherapeutic techniques applied to patients who suffered craniocerebral trauma (CCT). METHODS: This is an experimental study that evaluated clinical data from 27 patients. In sedated patients, mobilization and passive stretching were performed on the upper and lower limbs; in those without sedation, active-assisted, free and resisted exercises were included. RESULTS: The experimental group was composed of 51.8% of the participants and the control group by 48.2%, the majority being male (81.5%) with a median age of 43 years. The patients in the experimental group had an average of 9.5 days (2.2-14.7) of mechanical ventilation (MV), and those belonging to the control group, of 17 days (7-21.7) with MV (p=0.154). The patients in the experimental group had an average of 13.5 days in the ICU, against an average of 17 days in the control group (p=0.331), and an average of 20.5 days in hospital against 24 days in the control group (p=0.356). CONCLUSION: Early mobilization should be applied to critically ill patients as it can decrease the length of stay in the ICU and the hospital.

INTRODUÇÃO: Diversos estudos têm mostrado que a mobilização precoce é segura e benéfica para pacientes internados em unidades de terapia intensiva (UTIs), especialmente para aqueles com ventilação mecânica (VM). OBJETIVO: Investigar os benefícios das técnicas fisioterapêuticas de mobilização precoce aplicada aos pacientes que sofreram traumatismo cranioencefálico (TCE). MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo quasi-randomizado, que incluiu 27 com TCE divididos em dois grupos: controle (n=13) e experimental (n=14) pacientes. No grupo experimental, os pacientes sedados foram submetidos à mobilização e alongamentos passivos nos membros superiores e inferiores; naqueles sem sedação, foram incluídos exercícios ativo-assistidos, livres e resistidos. RESULTADOS: O grupo experimental foi composto por 51,8% dos participantes da pesquisa e o grupo controle por 48,2%, sendo a maioria do sexo masculino (81,5%) com mediana de idade de 43 anos. Os pacientes do grupo experimental apresentaram média de 9,5 dias (2,2-14,7) de ventilação mecânica, e os pertencentes ao grupo controle, de 17 dias (7-21,7) com de VM (p=0,154). Os pacientes do grupo experimental apresentaram média de 13,5 dias de internação em UTI, contra média de 17 dias do grupo controle (p=0,331), e média de 20,5 dias de internação hospitalar contra 24 dias do grupo controle (p=0,356). CONCLUSÃO: A mobilização precoce é uma técnica que deve ser aplicada em pacientes críticos dentro das UTIs, pois pode diminuir o tempo de internação na UTI e hospitalar.

Análise de Força Muscular e Mobilidade de Pacientes com Câncer Hematológico Atendidos pela Fisioterapia em um Centro de Assistência de Alta Complexidade em Oncologia / Analysis of Muscle Strength and Mobility of Patients with Hematologic Cancer Consulted at Physiotherapy in a High Complexity Oncology Clinic / Análisis de Fuerza Muscular y Movilidad de Pacientes con Cáncer Hematológico Atendidos por Fisioterapia en un Centro de Atención de Alta Complejidad en Oncología

Introdução: Câncer é o nome dado a um conjunto de mais de 100 doenças, caracterizado pelo crescimento anormal e acelerado de células, podendo ser considerado sólido ou hematológico. As neoplasias hematológicas levam a alterações específicas que podem contribuir para a inatividade, principalmente pelo alto risco de sangramento, induzindo perdas funcionais, tornando importante a realização da fisioterapia para prevenir ou minimizar essas perdas. Objetivo: Analisar a força muscular e a mobilidade de pacientes com câncer hematológico internados em um hospital de referência do Distrito Federal. Método: Estudo quantitativo, retrospectivo e longitudinal. A coleta foi realizada a partir de dados secundários de prontuários eletrônicos e planilhas de acompanhamento da fisioterapia, abrangendo o período de junho a dezembro de 2020. Foram analisadas a força muscular, por meio da dinamometria manual e da escala Medical Research Council (MRC), e a mobilidade, por meio da ICU Mobility Scale (IMS). Resultados: Dos 86 indivíduos rastreados, 43 foram elegíveis para a pesquisa. A análise entre a admissão e a alta hospitalar não revelou diferenças significativas na força muscular e mobilidade. Houve associação moderada e significativa entre MRC e IMS na admissão (r=0,575 and p<0.001) and at discharge (r=0.481 and p=0.001). No significant associations between dynamometry and mobility were found. Conclusion: This study allowed the identification of the profile of onco-hematological patients in follow-up, suggesting that physiotherapy contributed to maintain the functionality of these patients

Introduction: Cancer is the name given to a set of more than 100 diseases characterized by abnormal and accelerated growth of cells, and can be considered solid or hematological. Hematological neoplasms lead to specific changes that can contribute to inactivity, mainly due to the high risk of bleeding, inducing functional losses, being important to perform physical therapy to prevent or minimize these losses. Objective: Analyze the muscle strength and mobility of patients with hematological cancer admitted to a reference hospital in the Federal District. Method: Retrospective, quantitative longitudinal study. The collection was performed with secondary data from electronic medical records and physical therapy monitoring spreadsheets from June to December 2020. Muscle strength was analyzed using manual dynamometry and also with the Medical Research Council scale (MRC) and mobility by the ICU Mobility Scale (IMS). Results: Of the 86 individuals screened, 43 were eligible for the study. No significant differences were noticed in muscle strength and mobility in an analysis from admission to hospital discharge. There was a moderate and significant association between MRC and IMS at admission (r=0.575 and p<0.001) and at discharge (r=0.481 and p=0.001). No significant associations between dynamometry and mobility were found. Conclusion: This study allowed the identification of the profile of onco-hematological patients in follow-up, suggesting that physiotherapy contributed to maintain the functionality of these patients

Introducción: Cáncer es el nombre que se le da a un conjunto de más de 100 enfermedades, caracterizado por un crecimiento normal y acelerado de células, y puede ser considerado sólido o hematológico. Las neoplasias hematológicas conllevan alteraciones específicas que pueden contribuir a la inactividad, principalmente por el alto riesgo de hemorragia, induciendo pérdidas funcionales, haciendo que la fisioterapia sea importante para prevenir o minimizar estas pérdidas. Objetivo: Analizar la fuerza muscular y la movilidad de pacientes con cáncer hematológico, ingresados en un hospital de referencia del Distrito Federal de Brasil. Método: Estudio cuantitativo, retrospectivo y longitudinal. La recolección se realizó a partir de historias clínicas electrónicas y planillas de seguimiento de fisioterapia, abarcando el período de junio a diciembre de 2020. Se analizó la fuerza muscular, mediante la dinamometría manual y la escala Medical Research Council (MRC), y la movilidad, mediante la escala ICU Mobility Scale (IMS). Resultados: De las 86 personas seleccionadas, 43 fueron elegibles para la investigación. En el análisis entre el ingreso y el alta hospitalaria no se observaron diferencias significativas en la fuerza muscular y la movilidad. Hubo una asociación moderada y significativa entre el MRC e el IMS al ingreso (r=0,575 y p<0,001) y al alta (r=0,481 y p=0,001). No hubo asociaciones significativas entre la dinamometría y la movilidad. Conclusión:Este estudio permitió identificar el perfil de los pacientes onco-hematológicos seguidos, sugiriendo la contribución de la fisioterapia al mantenimiento de la funcionalidad de estos pacientes

A Pediatric Hospital Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy Department's Response to COVID-19: An Administrative Case Report.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this case report is to describe the challenges that COVID-19 presented for therapists in a pediatric hospital and the response to these challenges. METHODS: The case report setting is a physical therapy and occupational therapy department (department) of an academic pediatric medical center that provides a range of health care services for children and youth. Challenges that COVID-19 presented to the department included (1) managing safety concerns for patients, their families, and staff; (2) continuing to provide high-quality therapy services within state-mandated restrictions; (3) triaging patients; and (4) keeping clinicians employed and working productively. RESULTS: The department therapists responded to these challenges by (1) increasing communication huddles; (2) developing procedures for staffing and triaging of patients; (3) developing procedures for telehealth therapy services; and (4) designing a remote work program for all department employees. The number of patients and staff on site were reduced by initiating telehealth services, triaging patients, and developing a remote work plan. Communication huddles, department meetings, and supervision meetings were converted to virtual meetings. Staffing rates, patient-care productivity, and department project work were maintained. CONCLUSION: In response to COVID-19, the department developed new protocols and provided information about the protocols, which might be helpful for other pediatric hospitals or outpatient settings when planning for future pandemics or other issues that challenge the ability to provide usual care. Increasing the frequency of verbal and written communication on operational topics is recommended. Primary sources of information from national organizations (eg, the American Physical Therapy Association and the American Occupational Therapy Association) can assist with determining the scope of practice and code of conduct during a pandemic. IMPACT: COVID-19 posed challenges to operations and delivery of patient care. Although this case report is specific to COVID-19, principles applied and lessons learned from this experience can be applied to other emergency situations.

Influencia de la terapia física en la capacidad funcional de pacientes con cardiopatía isquémica / Influence of physical therapy in the functional capacity of patients with ischemic cardiopathy

Introducción: Por lo general los pacientes con antecedentes de cardiopatía isquémica no quieren renunciar a una actividad física o deportiva; por otra parte, es indudable que pueden beneficiarse de un plan de ejercicio físico que promueva una mejor calidad de vida. Objetivo: Evaluar la capacidad funcional de pacientes con cardiopatía isquémica rehabilitados con terapia física, según el trazado ergométrico. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo longitudinal y prospectivo en el Servicio de Terapia Física y Rehabilitación del Hospital General Docente Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas de Santiago de Cuba durante el bienio 2017-2019, de 41 pacientes que habían padecido un infarto agudo de miocardio y fueron incluidos en un programa de rehabilitación cardiovascular. Para determinar la capacidad funcional se comparó el nivel de riesgo cardiovascular y la clase funcional, antes y después de aplicado el programa de ejercicios físicos. Resultados: Se logró modificar la respuesta a la prueba ergométrica en 87,8 % después de aplicado el programa de rehabilitación, en tanto el estado cardiovascular, según el nivel de riesgo de los pacientes, fue modificado en 68,2 % hacia el bajo riesgo y la capacidad funcional mostró una mejoría en 82,9 %. Conclusiones: La aplicación de un programa de rehabilitación cardíaca resultó útil en la mayoría de los pacientes, pues se obtuvo una mejoría significativa de los parámetros cardiovasculares evaluados, lo que apuntó a un restablecimiento de la calidad de vida y de la tolerancia al esfuerzo.

Introduction: Patients with a history of ischemic cardiopathy generally don´t want to abandon a physical or sport activity; on the other side, they can undoubtedly obtain benefits from a physical exercise plan which brings a better life quality. Objective: To evaluate he functional capacity of patients with ischemic cardiopathy who have been rehabilitated with physical therapy, according to the ergometric trace. Method: A descriptive, longitudinal and prospective study was carried out in the Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Service from Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Teaching in Santiago de Cuba during the biennium 2007-2019, in 41 patients who had suffered from a myocardial infarction and were included in a cardiovascular rehabilitation program. To determine the functional capacity, the cardiovascular risk level was compared to the functional class before and after the physical exercise. Results: It was achieved to modify the ergometric response in 87.8 % after applying the rehabilitation program, while the cardiovascular state according to the risk level of the patients was modified in 68.2 % towards the low risk and the functional capacity showed an improvement of 82.9 %. Conclusions: The implementation of a cardiac rehabilitation program was useful in most of the patients, and a significant improvement of the evaluated cardiovascular parameters was obtained, what pointed at a reestablishment of the life quality and of tolerance to efforts.

La fisioterapia en la crisis sanitaria COVID-19: ¿y si no soy enfermo COVID-19? / Physiotherapy in the COVID-19 health crisis: What if I am not sick with COVID-19?

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Representaciones sociales de la práctica formativa en estudiantes de fisioterapia en Colombia / Social representations of formative practice in physical therapy students, Santiago de Cali, Colombia

INTRODUCCIÓN: Las prácticas formativas son estrategias pedagógicas con las que los estudiantes se acercan a la práctica profesional y desarrollan destrezas y habilidades en fisioterapia. OBJETIVO: Analizar las representaciones sociales del concepto de práctica formativa en estudiantes de fisioterapia en la ciudad de Cali (Colombia). MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio cualitativo con diseño descriptivo, transversal y exploratorio. Los datos se recolectaron con la técnica de listado de palabras de asociación libre aplicada a 135 participantes. El análisis se realizó a través del modelo de los dominios culturales. RESULTADOS: El concepto de práctica formativa en fisioterapia se estructuró a través de los lexemas centrales definición, sentimientos positivos, sentimientos negativos. Los elementos más relevantes de la lista fueron felicidad y ansiedad. CONCLUSIONES: Las representaciones sociales más notables en los estudiantes están asociadas con aspectos relacionados con el ser y las de menos interés corresponden a los relacionados con la adquisición de destrezas y habilidades fisioterapéuticas

INTRODUCTION: Formative practices are pedagogical strategies where students enter professional practice and develop skills and abilities in physiotherapy. OBJECTIVE: To analyse the cultural meanings of the concept of formative practice in physical therapy students in the city of Cali, Colombia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Qualitative study with descriptive design, cross-sectional and exploratory. The data were collected using the free association word list method from 135 participants. The analysis was conducted through the cultural domain model. RESULTS: The concept of formative practice in physiotherapy was structured through the central lexemes definition, positive feelings, negative feelings. The most relevant elements of the list were happiness and anxiety. CONCLUSIONS: The most notable social representations in students are associated with aspects related to the self, and those of less interest correspond to the acquisition of physiotherapy skills and abilities

Fisioterapia no pós-operatório de artroplastia de quadril: uma revisão sistemática / Physiotherapy in the post-operative hip arthroplasty: a systematic review

Introdução: À medida que a sociedade envelhece, as incidências de doenças do quadril aumentam a cada ano e a artroplastia do quadril é reconhecida como método cirúrgico mais eficaz, necessitando de intervenção fisioterapêutica no período pós-operatório. Objetivo: Identificar estudos que demonstrem os efeitos da reabilitação através de exercícios terapêuticos no pós-operatório de artroplastia de quadril. Métodos: Realizou-se uma revisão sistemática na qual levantou-se uma busca nas bases de dados: Pubmed, Lilacs, Scielo, Cochrane, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct e Google Scholar, nos últimos 10 anos e utilizando os descritores respectivos para estudos em inglês, português e espanhol. Resultados: Foram selecionados 3 ensaios clínicos randomizados, somando um total de 225 indivíduos participantes das pesquisas, de ambos os sexos, para realização de artroplastia de quadril, apresentando diversas comparações nas aplicações de exercícios terapêuticos no pós-operatório. Conclusão: Os resultados apresentados nesta revisão demonstram os efeitos positivos da fisioterapia iniciada precocemente após a cirurgia de artroplastia de quadril, sendo perceptível que a reabilitação fisioterapêutica imediata através de exercícios iniciados ainda no ambiente hospitalar pode ser benéfica para melhora da mobilidade, funcionalidade e qualidade de vida dos pacientes. (AU)

Introduction: As society ages, the incidences of hip disease increase each year and hip arthroplasty is recognized as the most effective surgical method, requiring physical therapy intervention in the postoperative period. Objective: To identify studies that demonstrate the effects of rehabilitation through therapeutic exercises in the postoperative period of hip arthroplasty. Methods: A systematic review was carried out using the following database searches: Pubmed, Lilacs, Scielo, Cochrane, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct and Google Scholar, in the last 10 years and using the evaluated descriptors for studies in English, Portuguese and Spanish. Results: Three randomized clinical trials were selected, with a total of 225 research participants, of both sexes, for performing hip arthroplasty, presenting several comparisons and applications of therapeutic exercises in the postoperative period. Conclusion: The results demonstrate the positive effects of physical therapy right after hip arthroplasty surgery. It is noticeable that beginning physiotherapeutic rehabilitation with exercises in the hospital environment can be beneficial for improving mobility, performance and quality of life of patients. (AU)

The First 60 Days: Physical Therapy in a Neurosurgical Center Converted Into a COVID-19 Center in Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this case report was to describe the role of physical therapists in a neurosurgical center that was converted into a COVID-19 center for critically ill patients. METHODS (CASE DESCRIPTION): On March 16, 2020, the state government of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, determined that a neurosurgical center with 44 ICU beds equipped with mechanical ventilators should immediately transfer all patients with neurological conditions to other institutions and prepare for patients who were critically ill with COVID-19. The staff, including physical therapists, were trained to handle patients with COVID-19, many of whom were developing acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with complex and multifactorial ventilatory support needs. Adjustments were made to the physical therapy routine and protocols. Following the stabilization of patients' respiratory condition, physical therapist interventions focused on restoring physical function. RESULTS: A total of 116 confirmed COVID-19 cases were treated from March 17 to May 17, 2020. Sixty percent were men (70) and 40% were women (46), with a median age of 59 years. Eighty-nine percent (103) underwent mechanical ventilation during hospitalization, of which 11% (11) were successfully extubated. Thirty percent (31) of patients underwent tracheostomy, and 26% of those (8) were successfully decannulated. Of the total patients, 57 patients died (mortality rate of 49%), 4 (3%) were transferred to another institution, 23 (20%) were discharged home, and 32 (28%) continued to be hospitalized. CONCLUSION: Physical therapists in the ICU can facilitate care for critical events such as intubation, patient positioning, ventilatory adjustments, extubation, and functional training. IMPACT: The coronavirus pandemic has highlighted the importance of physical therapists, specifically in the care of patients who are critically ill with COVID-19. The availability and expertise of physical therapists in the ICU are important for managing critical events such as intubation, patient positioning, ventilatory adjustments, extubation, and functional training.

Recommendations for Hospital-Based Physical Therapists Managing Patients With COVID-19.

OBJECTIVE: The COVID-19 pandemic is rapidly evolving and has led to increased numbers of hospitalizations worldwide. Hospitalized patients with COVID-19 experience a variety of symptoms, including fever, muscle pain, tiredness, cough, and difficulty breathing. Elderly people and those with underlying health conditions are considered to be more at risk of developing severe symptoms and have a higher risk of physical deconditioning during their hospital stay. Physical therapists have an important role in supporting hospitalized patients with COVID-19 but also need to be aware of challenges when treating these patients. In line with international initiatives, this article aims to provide guidance and detailed recommendations for hospital-based physical therapists managing patients hospitalized with COVID-19 through a national approach in the Netherlands. METHODS: A pragmatic approach was used. A working group conducted a purposive scan of the literature and drafted initial recommendations based on the knowledge of symptoms in patients with COVID-19 and current practice for physical therapist management for patients hospitalized with lung disease and patients admitted to the intensive care unit. An expert group of hospital-based physical therapists in the Netherlands provided feedback on the recommendations, which were finalized when consensus was reached among the members of the working group. RESULTS: The recommendations include safety recommendations, treatment recommendations, discharge recommendations, and staffing recommendations. Treatment recommendations address 2 phases of hospitalization: when patients are critically ill and admitted to the intensive care unit, and when patients are severely ill and admitted to the COVID ward. Physical therapist management for patients hospitalized with COVID-19 comprises elements of respiratory support and active mobilization. Respiratory support includes breathing control, thoracic expansion exercises, airway clearance techniques, and respiratory muscle strength training. Recommendations toward active mobilization include bed mobility activities, active range-of-motion exercises, active (assisted) limb exercises, activities-of-daily-living training, transfer training, cycle ergometer, pre-gait exercises, and ambulation.

Perspectives of older adults regarding barriers and enablers to engaging in fall prevention activities after hospital discharge.

Older adults recently discharged from hospital are at high risk of functional decline and falls. A tailored fall prevention education provided at hospital discharge aimed to improve the capacity of older adults to engage in falls prevention activities. What remains unknown are the factors affecting behaviour change after hospital discharge. This study identified the perceived barriers and enablers of older adults to engagement in fall prevention activities during the 6-month period post-discharge. An exploratory approach using interpretative phenomenological analysis focused on the lived experience of a purposive sample (n = 30) of participants. All were recruited as a part of an RCT (n = 390) that delivered a tailored fall prevention education program at three hospital rehabilitation wards in Perth, Australia. Data were collected at 6-month post-discharge using semi-structured telephone surveys. Personal stories confirmed that some older adults have difficulty recovering functional ability after hospital discharge. Reduced physical capability, such as experiences of fatigue, chronic pain and feeling unsteady when walking were barriers for participants to safely return to their normal daily activities. Participants who received the tailored fall education program reported positive effects on knowledge and motivation to engage in fall prevention. Participants who had opportunities to access therapy or social supports described more positive experiences of recovery compared to individuals who persevered without assistance. A lack of physical and social support was associated with apprehension and fear toward adverse events such as falls, injuries, and hospital readmission. The lived experience of participants following hospital discharge strongly suggested that they required more supports from both healthcare professionals and caregivers to ensure that their needs were met. Further research that evaluates how to assist this population to engage in programs that will mitigate the high risk of falls and hospital readmissions is required.

Práctica clínica, ámbito laboral y riesgos de la fisioterapia ante el COVID-19 / Clinical practice, work and risks of physical therapy in the face of COVID-19

RESUMEN En este artículo reflexivo se analiza el papel que juega la fisioterapia frente al COVID-19 en la fisioterapia respiratoria y la seguridad y salud en el trabajo, campos importantes y a su vez álgidos porque, ante la situación actual de pandemia, los profesionales de salud en general son sometidos a inadecuadas condiciones laborales que impactan su alta posibilidad de contagio en su ámbito social y económico. De igual forma, se especifica la relación del quehacer profesional de la fisioterapia con cada fase de intervención según la manifestación de los signos y síntomas que presenta el paciente, basados en procesos y procedimientos sustentados en experiencias de otros países, en especial de China. Finalmente se discuten las medidas seguras y la descripción del proceso acelerado para desarrollar la telerehabilitación como consecuencia del COVID-19.(AU)

This paper discusses the function of the physiotherapy against COVID-19: how does it work in the chest physiotherapy and workplace health and safety. These fields are considered leading and decisive to take care of health professionals. In general, they work under unsuitable conditions that raise the likelihood of virus transmission in the social and economic context. Likewise, it specifies the relationship between the function of the physiotherapy and every intervention phase, according to exhibiting signs and symptoms on the patient. It is based on processes and procedures that are underpinned by experiences from other countries, specifically China. Finally, there is a discussion about safety measures and a description of the accelerated process to promote remote physical therapy due to COVID-19.(AU)

Development and validation of the General Rehabilitation Adherence Scale (GRAS) in patients attending physical therapy clinics for musculoskeletal disorders.

BACKGROUND: Non-adherence to physical therapy ranges from 14 to 70%. This could adversely affect physical functioning and requires careful monitoring. Studies that describe designing and validation of adherence measuring scales are scant. There is a growing need to formulate adherence measures for this population. The aim was to develop and validate a novel tool named as the General Rehabilitation Adherence Scale (GRAS) to measure adherence to physical therapy treatment in Pakistani patients attending rehabilitation clinics for musculoskeletal disorders. METHODS: A month-long study was conducted in patients attending physical therapy sessions at clinics in two tertiary care hospitals in Karachi, Pakistan. It was done using block randomization technique. Sample size was calculated based on item-to-respondent ratio of 1:20. The GRAS was developed and validated using content validity, factor analyses, known group validity, and sensitivity analysis. Receiver operator curve analysis was used to determine cut-off value. Reliability and internal consistency were measured using test-retest method. Data was analyzed through IBM SPSS version 23. The study was ethically approved (IRB-NOV:15). RESULTS: A total of 300 responses were gathered. The response rate was 92%. The final version of GRAS contained 8 items and had a content validity index of 0.89. Sampling adequacy was satisfactory, (KMO 0.7, Bartlett's test p-value< 0.01). Exploratory factor analysis revealed a 3-factor model that was fixed and confirmed at a 2-factor model. Incremental fit indices, i.e., normed fit index, comparative fit index and Tucker Lewis index, were reported > 0.95 while absolute fit index of root mean square of error of approximation was < 0.03. These values indicated a good model fit. The value for Cronbach (α) was 0.63 while it was 0.77 for McDonald's (ω), i.e., acceptable. Test-retest reliability coefficient was 0.88, p < 0.01. Education level was observed to affect adherence (p < 0.01). A cut-off value of 12 was identified. The sensitivity and accuracy of the scale was 95%, and its specificity was 91%. CONCLUSION: The scale was validated in this study with satisfactory results. The availability of this tool would enhance monitoring for adherence as well as help clinicians and therapists address potential areas that may act as determinants of non-adherence.

Cuidados paliativos ao paciente com esclerose lateral amiotrófica: vivência de fisioterapeutas no âmbito hospitalar / Palliative care to patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: experiences of physiotherapists in a hospital setting / Cuidados paliativos al paciente con esclerosis lateral amiotrófica: vivencia de fisioterapeutas en el ámbito hospitalario

Objetivo: Investigar a vivência de fisioterapeutas na atenção a pacientes com esclerose lateral amiotrófica (ELA) sob cuidados paliativos no âmbito hospitalar. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, exploratório, com abordagem qualitativa, realizado com fisioterapeutas das enfermarias clínica médica e cirúrgica de um hospital público do município de João Pessoa-Paraíba-Brasil, mediante entrevista semiestruturada e material empírico submetido à técnica de análise de conteúdo. Resultados: Foram entrevistados oito fisioterapeutas e, da análise dos dados, emergiram quatro categorias temáticas: I- Compreensão dos cuidados paliativos; II- Estratégias dos fisioterapeutas na promoção dos cuidados paliativos a esses pacientes; III- Interação dos fisioterapeutas com a equipe multiprofissional promovendo os cuidados paliativos na ELA; IV- Vivência dos fisioterapeutas ao assistir esses pacientes. Conclusão: Os fisioterapeutas discorreram seus argumentos com base em sua vivência profissional, destacando-se a necessidade de maiores discussões e aprofundamentos sobre a temática entre esses profissionais para articular a teoria e a prática

Objective: The study's main purpose has been to investigate the experiences of physiotherapists caring for patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) undergoing palliative care in a hospital setting. Methods: It is a descriptive-exploratory study with a qualitative approach, which was performed with physiotherapy professionals from the internal medicine and surgical wards of a public hospital in João Pessoa city, Paraíba State, Brazil, using a semi-structured interview and empirical material subjected to the content analysis technique. Results: After interviewing eight physiotherapists and based on data analysis, the following four thematic categories were elaborated: I- Physical therapists' understanding in regard to palliative care; II- Strategies used by physical therapists to promote palliative care for ALS patients; III- Interaction of physical therapists with the patient care team promoting palliative care for ALS patients; IV- Experience of physical therapists when assisting the patient with ALS undergoing PC. Conclusion: The physiotherapists based their arguments on their professional experience, underlining the need for further discussions and a better understanding of the subject amongst these professionals aiming to align theory with practice

Objetivo: Investigar la vivencia de fisioterapeutas en atención a los pacientes con esclerosis lateral amiotrófica (ELA) en cuidados paliativos en ámbito hospitalario. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, exploratorio, con abordaje cualitativo, realizado con fisioterapeutas de las enfermerías clínica médica y quirúrgica de un hospital público de la ciudad de João Pessoa-Paraíba-Brasil, por medio de entrevista semiestructurada y material empírico sometido a la técnica de análisis de contenido. Resultados: Fueron entrevistados ocho fisioterapeutas y, del análisis de los datos, emergieron cuatro categorías temáticas: I- Comprensión de cuidados paliativos; II- Estrategias de fisioterapeutas en la promoción de cuidados paliativos para eses pacientes; IIIInteracción de los fisioterapeutas con el equipo multiprofesional promoviendo los cuidados paliativos en ELA; IV- Vivencia de los fisioterapeutas al asistir eses pacientes. Conclusión: los fisioterapeutas hablaron sus argumentos con base en su vivencia profesional, se destacando la necesidad de mayores discusiones y profundizaciones sobre la temática entre eses profesionales para articular teoría y práctica